Residual stress yog hais txog macro stress uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom los yog cov khoom thiab ua rau nws tus kheej sib npaug yam tsis muaj lwm yam quab yuam los yog torque.
Raws li qhov kev txiav txim siab tuaj yeem muab faib ua kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, tseem hu ua macro stress, thoob plaws hauv lub cev, kev ntxhov siab sab hauv muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub lis piam, thaum qhov sib npaug no tawg, qhov loj ntawm cov nplej yuav hloov, kev ntxhov siab sab hauv yog hais txog kev sib cuam tshuam. nruab nrab ntawm atoms.
Nyob rau theem micro, txawv atoms los yog sib txawv kev npaj ntawm tib hom atoms ua rau cov tsis sib xws los yog cov qauv ntawm cov khoom, uas ua rau lub macro kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv kev sib cuam tshuam quab yuam ntawm atoms. Casting, forging, welding, txau thiab machining txheej txheem yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab nyob hauv cov khoom.
Vuam residual kev nyuaj siab yog lub ntsiab ua rau vuam tsis xws luag, xws li deformation thiab tawg. Vuam deformation ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov duab thiab qhov ntev ntev, kev sib koom ua ke sib txawv, ua rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, thiab ua rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom nyuaj. Vuam residual kev nyuaj siab tuaj yeem ua rau lub vuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov chaw vuam, ib feem lossis tag nrho, thiab cov kev ntxhov siab seem tso tawm hauv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom ua haujlwm tsis tau welded Tib lub sijhawm, vuam seem kev nyuaj siab tuaj yeem ua rau tawg tawg. , tensile residual kev nyuaj siab yuav txo qhov qaug zog lub zog thiab corrosion kuj, compressive residual kev nyuaj siab yuav txo qhov stability txwv. Yog li ntawd, welding residual kev nyuaj siab yeej ib txwm yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev vuam.
Tswj txoj kev welding residual stress
Cov txheej txheem tsis nrog me me linear zog, vuam txoj kev thiab yuam kom txias ntsuas yog saws. Qhov tsim nyog vuam ntu thiab kev taw qhia tau txais yuav los kho qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov kev ntxhov siab seem. Lub weld nrog loj shrinkage thiab weld nrog kev ntxhov siab loj yog welded ua ntej. Thaum lub vuam hla dhau, qhov luv weld yog welded ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov ncaj ntev weld yog welded. Cov txheej txheem kev ntsuas ntawm kev txo cov weld restraint yog saws los them rau cov weld shrinkage thiab rauj nruab nrab txheej ntawm multi-txheej weld Nws tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv kom txo tau qhov kev ntxhov siab thiab kev tswj hwm, ua ntej ncab kom them nyiaj rau weld shrinkage, thiab cov cua sov hauv zos los tsim deformation hauv lub sib thooj ib feem ntawm cov tivthaiv uas yuav pab tau weld shrinkage.
Tshem tawm txoj kev welding residual stress
Raws li cov neeg kho tshuab quab yuam lossis cuam tshuam lub zog, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov txheej txheem vuam, tshuab ncab txoj kev, hammering method, vibration method, explosion method, heat treatment tag nrho high temperature annealing method, local high temperature annealing method, kub txawv stretching method ( Txoj kev tshem tawm qhov ntsuas kub qis) thiab quasi vuam cua sov txoj kev.
